The Tyger By William Blake - 1168 Words

The coexistence of good and evil has caused many people throughout time to question their God and the way the world is. William Blake’s compilation of poems called the Songs of Innocence and Experience questions the good and evil in the daily lives of human beings. This collection of poems includes The Tyger, a partnered poem in the series with The Lamb. Blake offers a new way of interpreting God through His creations in The Tyger. Blake demonstrates the fierceness of the tyger’s creator throughout the poem. The tyger is viewed as a vicious creature that people view as a threat to their lives in many cases. A creature so evil to be created by a God depicted as loving baffles many people, Blake included it would seem. The narrator asks, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?† (3, 4) This question is asked throughout Blake’s poem with the answer alluded to at the end. Blake wonders how the same God who made such a gentle lamb cou ld make such a frightening and blood thirsty creature like that of the evil tiger. The narrator uses imagery of the tiger being forged like one would forge a weapon. â€Å"What the hammer? what the chain? / In what furnace was thy brain?† (13, 14) These lines give an idea of the tiger being used as a weapon forged by God to show the power and fierceness that he holds. One may assume he forged such evil to strike fear and obedience in his followers. The image given to the reader is God as a blacksmith, hammering his creation in toShow MoreRelatedThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tyger is a six-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifyingRead MoreWilliam Blake : The Tyger900 Words   |  4 PagesFerociously Created (Favorite Poem Written by William Blake: The Tyger) Poetry often has a way of speaking to certain people. Maybe not everyone can connect to every poem, but more so a specific poem. Maybe they can relate something that happened to them in their life that is similar to that in the poetry. Many times that is the case, sometimes others just simply like poems as well. They hear the words that it is saying and get exactly what it is trying to say and it speaks to them. This is a greatRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake1290 Words   |  6 Pageswould place their trust in the blacksmith to forge high quality armour and weapons. The blacksmith was held in high regard for a lower-class citizen, and became a sort of anomaly in the hierarchy of a kingdom. William Blake evokes the image of a blacksmith as creator in his poem â€Å"The Tyger† to comment on the social and political situations of the times. He chooses a rough, rude and labour-driven artist as a way of rejecting the aesthetic features of art for more practical, albeit destruct ive formsRead MoreThe poem The Tyger by William Blake877 Words   |  3 PagesThese wise words of King James verse (1:5) of the bible portrays an underlying message that although we should follow in God’s path, we are not expected to follow blindly. Likewise, in the poem â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake, it’s theme is a reflection of what this quote implies. Throughout this poem, Blake explores the possibility of questioning God while using the structure of the poem, as well as the irony of God’s character, and several sound devices in hopes of communicating a message, that to questionRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake1330 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake is an English poet, painter, and printmaker from the eighteenth century. With his unique way with words and mastery craftsmanship, he created an illustration collection of poems called Songs of Innocence and Experience in 1789. His most famous poems from Songs of Innocence and Experie nce are â€Å"The Lamb and The Tyger†. These poems use animals to attest to God’s role as the Creator, yet they possess contrasting tones and language of the speaker and present conflicting views of God’s powerRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake996 Words   |  4 Pagescreated, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible† (Colossians 1:16). William Blake wrote poems about this very subject. In his twin poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses different literary techniques such as sound, imagery and symbolism to echo the common theme of creation along with how it is viewed differently. William Blake’s use of sound in his poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, enhance the central idea of creation and the question of how one God can create such differentRead MoreSymbolism In The Tyger By William Blake901 Words   |  4 Pagespower must be brought into question. William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† accurately portrays this reality and brings this thinking of God into the light with his poem. In â€Å"The Tyger†, William Blake uses rhyme scheme, figurative language, and symbolism to convey the question of why God would allow for there to be evil, and create evil Himself. Blake’s use of rhyme scheme throughout the poem adds a rhythm and set pattern in the poem. For example, in â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses the rhyme scheme AABB throughoutRead MoreThe Tyger And The Lamb By William Blake991 Words   |  4 Pagesand event that has ever existed may have had bad effects in one situation, but good effects for another situation. And every human, by extension, has aspects about them that can be viewed as both good and evil. In his poems, â€Å"The Tyger† and, â€Å"The Lamb†, author William Blake explores the ideas of duality, and how each thing must have an equal opposite. He uses both these poems to further ruminate on this dichotomy and brings up many questions in the context of religion. He seeks to point out that inRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pages William Blake, a unique poet of the literary canon, is one of the most critiqued poets of all time. Having a rather unique stylistic approach to topics, especially religion, Blake seems to contradict himself in his own writing and, therefore, sparks questions in the readers’ minds on specific subjects. Two of his poems in particular have been widely critiqued and viewed in various lights. â€Å"The Tyger,† written in 1774, and â€Å"The Lamb,† written five years later in 1789, are considered companion poems

Message of Hope in Eliots The Waste Land, Gerontion, and...

Message of Hope in Eliots The Waste Land, Gerontion, and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Thomas Stearns Eliot was not a revolutionary, yet he revolutionized the way the Western world writes and reads poetry. Some of his works were as imagist and incomprehensible as could be most of it in free verse, yet his concentration was always on the meaning of his language, and the lessons he wished to teach with them. Eliot consorted with modernist literary iconoclast Ezra Pound but was obsessed with the traditional works of Shakespeare and Dante. He was a man of his time yet was obsessed with the past. He was born in the United States, but later became a royal subject in England. In short, Eliot is as complete and total a†¦show more content†¦He is a teacher. And what he teaches us in his writing during the first half of the twentieth century, and what he still teaches us now is that there is no forward advancement in culture or life without respect and understanding of things past, including religion. He is a literary and cultural missionary. And like a missionary (Unitarian or otherwise) he does not chastise that which he hopes to help, as a crusader or pure critic might (Miller 448). Instead, he immerses himself in the culture he so deeply wishes to enhance rather than distance himself from it. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is a perfect example of this point. Let us go then, you and I, is the line Eliot chooses to begin the poem (1). The poem, basically, is about a man who cannot speak to women, out of fear of rejection, of nervousness, or any other reason men dont speak to women. On a larger scale, the poem is also about the inability of modern man (or malehood, that is) to communicate. Prufrock is full of self-abasement (I am ... the Fool 118, 126), self doubt (And indeed there will be time / To wonder Do I dare? and, Do I dare? 39-40), and self-imposed terror (And in short, I was afraid 90). These are all aspects of modern life, especially in relationships, but these traits, which are obviously shown in a negative light in Prufrock, are not distant character flaws of the unwashed,

Promotion of Successful Aging-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Promotion of Successful Aging. Answer: Promotion of successful aging Successful aging is meant to improve the quality of life for the aging population. Nurses have the responsibility to mitigate how a disease progresses in the life of the elderly can be managed. In this case, as a nurse, I have the responsibility to prevent and manage disease, maintaining a healthy mental function and also ensuring that the elderly maintain a good physical function. For instance, I will recommend that the elderly to eat the right diet and exercise a lot to improve their quality of life. In this case, I will encourage the elderly to eat healthy, avoid tobacco and alcohol, and to maintain an optimum weight through exercise. In addition, I will educate them on how to manage stress, have positivity in life, good social interaction, and maintain a spiritual life (Moffitt, Belsky, Danese, Poulton Caspi, 2017). By doing so, one could be said to have aged successfully. Thus, for one to age successfully, they must free from disability and disease, have high cognitive and phys ical function and also a continued participation in productive and social activities. , Further, the elderly are said to be successfully aging when they use their mental and physical resources to cover up their limitation. Most of the old people in our communities are not allowed to age successfully as they continue caring out hard activities that lead them to develop diseases that lead to their demise. Therefore, as a nurse, I will encourage the people around the elderly people to support them in all ways possible in order to ensure that they age successfully (Lanna, Escors, Gilroy Akbar, 2017). Opportunities offered by an ageing generation Leadership is one of the main opportunity that the ageing population offers nurses. The nursing education emphasizes on leadership, critical thinking, and communication. As this abilities are vital in all settings, they are specifically imperative when dealing with the older people. Nurses serve as healthcare providers for older patients with diverse chronic problems that do not need physical intervention but require nurses to assume the role of patient care treatment and planning. In addition, through leadership, nurses are able to explain clearly to the family members the treatment plans and also to addressing the concerns of caregivers and the patient (Solfrizzi, Scafato, Sardone Baldereschi, 2017). Barriers However, nurses faces major challenges in trying to improve the quality of life for the ageing population. For instance, lack of proper housing that can accommodate the elderly throughout their life. In addition, the lack of policies that support the old in the community pose a major challenge to the nurses. There is also the lack of resource which can be used to improve the elders lifestyle. In that case most of the needs of the elderly cannot be met. Therefore, it is important for the elderly to be provided with the opportunity to access the basic needs in order to improve their quality of life (Baar, Brandt, Bourgeois Pluijm, 2017). References Baar, M. P., Brandt, R. M., Bourgeois, B. R., van der Pluijm, I. (2017). Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells restores tissue homeostasis in response to chemotoxicity and aging. Cell, 169(1), 132-147. Solfrizzi, V., Scafato, Sardone, R.,.Baldereschi, M. (2017). Additive Role of a Potentially Reversible Cognitive Frailty Model and Inflammatory State on the Risk of Disability: The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Lanna, Escors, D., Gilroy, D. W., ... Akbar, A. N. (2017). A sestrin-dependent Erk-Jnk-p38 MAPK activation complex inhibits immunity during aging. Nat. Immunol., 18, 354-363. Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, D. W., Danese, A., Poulton, R., Caspi, A. (2017). The longitudinal study of aging in human young adults: knowledge gaps and research agenda. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 72(2), 210-215.

The Self Essays - Ego Psychology, Psychology Of Self, Self

The Self Who am I? What am I? Where am I going? These questions have baffled the minds of humankind for centuries, since man was able to evolve a concept of self and consider his own nature. Man has come a long way since that day, but has no further answers in the quest for Self-Concept. Who we are is, and always will be a reflection of different yet individual societies and environments in which we live. The roles we play in our specific societies give us a place of belonging and self. The self as an entity exists on two levels: mental and physical. Diverse environments and habitats are what give us our individuality and our ideas of self. What I mean is; would I be the same person I am now if I was born and raised in say, Saudi Arabia? Is my view of my self the same as my ideal self? I am tall; thin have short hair, fairly goal oriented. Is this how I perceived myself ten years ago. Am I the same person I was ten years ago? I am and I'm not. I am still in the same body, only bigger and still have most of the same interests and viewpoints on things, but I'm also different. I have expanded my knowledge, and elaborated on some and changed some views I once had. I was born in Canada and raised with the social norms and values of that of a Christian as opposed to that of a Muslim. I have never experienced war or lived in a society controlled by a Monarchy. My entire lifestyle would be different. My upbringing would be different. All my experiences would be different. My idea of norm and thoughts on gender, race and religion would be differed. I would have different goals and heroes and activities for enjoyment. I would be a completely different person than I am now, due to the fact that I was raised in an entirely different culture than my own. My idea of self would contain altered aspects than now. As of now, I live and have always lived in a free, peaceful society. The role I hold in my specific society makes me who I am and gives me a place of belonging. To participate in society, we must become increasingly more considerate of others and less self-centered. Let us examine the first statement. Who am I I as a physical entity exist due to the laws of physics. Atomic structure is very real, and has been proven through scientific experimentation. I know, from Einstein's Theory of relativity that everything is energy. Everything is made up of atoms in exact sequence with one another making up solid forms through atomic bonds. Separation of these bonds is how we break objects apart. From Science, everything has atomic structure. I know I have a physical form, and that I am a solid entity and know this because it is true. I have what we call through linguistics a body and I have solid structure. All humans share the same basic physical makeup whether they like it or not. It's slight variations in physical appearance that creates racism and discrimination. The idea of a superior race or gender is absurd, but unfortunately it exists through people's insecurities and false cognitions of superiority. Example, I have a penis and I am Anglo-Saxon, t herefore I am superior. The false idea that superiority is found through sexual gender and or racial makeup is what will probably be the downfall of the human race. Not to stray from topic, but the idea of self is where one feels he or she fits into society. Our specific roles we play and what we do all mould us into unique selves. Because of the immensity of the earth, variation is vast. People come from and live in different societies containing different beliefs with different values and social norms. Makeup of individualism is purely reflective in different environments and societies in which we live. During our development, a mentally intact individual learns about their own self, as well as about their physical and social worlds, and adapts themselves to their total environment. They

Causes and Effects of Industrial Pollution Essays

Causes and Effects of Industrial Pollution Essays Causes and Effects of Industrial Pollution Paper Causes and Effects of Industrial Pollution Paper Essay Topic: Air pollution Cause and Effect Water pollution It is because of this that carbon monoxide is viewed as the least danger to living beings. The largest natural cause of CO is the oxidation of methane in the atmosphere. Methane, CHI, is produced on the surface of earth by the decay of organic matter. (Harrison, 1990) A smaller natural cause is the growth and decay of chlorophyll which is the green pigment in the leaves of plants. Eighty percent of the carbon monoxide that is emitted by humans is by transportation. Because automobiles are the largest source of CO pollution, the highest concentration of this gas is in highly populated/urban areas. The next greatest anthropogenic source is agricultural burning, which accounts for another twelve percent. It has been shown that exposure to high concentrations of carbon monoxide can harm living organisms, but the current concentration in our atmosphere is still low enough so that plants and humans are both at minimal risk. (Harrison, 1990) Hydrocarbons are the second largest category of air pollutants by mass, but they are by far the largest group of pollutants when considering their effect. There are thousands of different hydrocarbon compounds that are comprised solely of hydrogen and carbon. They can be found in a gaseous, liquid or solid states at room temperature. Most hydrocarbons are emitted by the bacterial decomposition of organic material. Methane, CHI, which was mentioned in the formation of carbon monoxide, is the simplest of the hydrocarbons. Petroleum is a complicated mixture of several simple hydrocarbons showing again transportation by motor vehicles is the leading cause of this category being emitted into the air. Their evaporation during the refining of petroleum is also important. (Harpsichord, 1 991) Unlike the previous categories, the hydrocarbons are relatively harmless in their released state. It is in the atmosphere that they undergo chemical reactions and become hazardous. Societal Effects from of Air Pollution People are mostly oblivious to the effects of air pollution. They know its out there and it is a problem but excepting skin cancer, there have been very few deaths with a direct link to air pollution. It is probably because of this that people arent as concerned with air pollution as they should be. Air pollution has always been around, and has actually been on a decline since the sasss (when coal was the major source of energy. It is relatively easy to decrease he amount of pollutants we emit considering each year new laws arise that crack down on the amount of certain substances that can be released into the air, but the harm has already been done, and next to impossible to fix. The ozone layer is the part of the atmosphere that keeps ultraviolet rays from penetrating humans and plants. But because of all the air pollution, various chemicals are slowly destroyin g the ozone layer. Each year the concentration of the ozone decreases by approximately two percent and the ozone layer over the South Pole is already fifty percent of its natural concentration. Ozone depletes (the majority Of which are chlorofluorocarbons Or CUFFS) react with ultraviolet radiation and break down into their component atoms, especially chlorine, bromine and fluoride. These component atoms then go on to steal an oxygen atom from the ozone layer (opposite to the reaction which forms 03), thereby destroying the ozone layer. This loss of protection from UP rays can result in an increase of human skin cancer, damage to various parts of the eyes as well as causing a breakdown of the immune system. (Harpsichord, 1991) With health being such a major issue in our society today, people have become scared by this outbreak of cancer. People know that the ozone layer is slowing depleting and that there is a health risk involved with being in the sun for extended periods of time. But very few people know that there is a connection between this breakdown Of the ozone layer and air pollution. Instead of trying to control pollution emissions they just cut back on their time o utdoors, or wear more sunscreen. Ultraviolet rays can also cause major environmental problems. These rays enter the atmosphere and can kill small aquatic organisms, such as plankton. When these small life forms decompose they release carbon dioxide, CO, another gas which can cause the ozone layer to break down, thus resulting in a continuous cycle. What can we do? Although air pollution has relatively few immediate effects on humans at the present time it is important that we try to reduce the amount of pollutants we emit into the air. As discussed before the biggest cause of air pollution is use of transportation, followed by the combustion of fossil fuels. In the past thirty years many new standards have been passed in the United States which exulted in a dramatic reduction in the gases emitted by automobiles. But even with these new laws air pollution is still on the increase. It is mostly due to the fact that there are more automobiles on the road today. Cars may be more efficient but there are too many of them, which in many ways diminishes their efficiency. One solution to this problem is encouraging people to carpool which would reduce the number of cars on the road and in turn reduce the amount of pollutants. Another solution is to make more laws enforcing more efficient cars. However this would cost car manufactures more money, exulting in more expensive cars which people wouldnt want to buy. So the best solution to reducing the amount of pollutants emitted by automobiles is by encouraging people to carpool. The combustion of fossil fuels is the other leading cause of air pollution. Although the amount of pollutants these factories emit has reduced since the sasss they still release a large quantity of dangerous gases. More standards can be enforced to reduce the emissions of these factories. Nevertheless, as long as we rely on fossil fuels for energy these factories will have to emit some sort of gas. At the moment, nuclear energy appears to be the wave of the future and this type of energy releases a lot less pollutants into the air than the combustion of oil and coal. Although air pollution presents no immediate danger it is important that we try to control the pollutants We emit. Most of the harm has already been done and there are no known ways to fix these problems. It is for this reason that we try our best to help the situation as most as possible. Water Pollution Several different kinds of waste are oxygen consumers. There is a certain concentration of oxygen needed in the worlds oceans to support life. However, when waste is present in the water that is easily broken down by the presence of oxygen, and this lowers the oxygen levels necessary to sustain the natural biota for that water. Radioactive materials escape from ore processing, nuclear power plants and use of nuclear weapons. Just as radioactivity has harmful effects on humans these effects translate to aquatic life and invade water supplies around the world if not properly contained (Singer, 1970) Toxic metals are made up of heavy metals, light metals, and trace metals. Heavy metals have five times the density of water, whereas light metals have less.. Heavy metals are made up of seven basic elements that are found frequently in the Earth in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Trace metals display natural compounds of metal. The latter carry more contaminants than the heavy metals because of their great effects on living organisms. They are transmitted through direct use of mining in ores, in the burning of fossil fuels. The trace elements end up in water systems through atmospheric rain, agricultural run-off, mining wastes and domestic sewage. One the key factors of metal pollution is that they cannot biologically or chemically breakdown in nature. This stability also lets them be carried long distances through air and water. Mercury has shown to be a good example of how contamination of trace metals has severe effects and will be discussed in the next section on effects on society. Synthetic organic pesticides are compounds that include insecticides, fungicides, and other pests that inhibit human conduct. There are chlorophyll acids, archaeopteryxs, cerebrates and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Discussing chlorinated hydrocarbons, the most dominant of these pollutants, is necessary because of their persistence or staying power. They resist breakdown for approximately two years before they disappear. (Singer, 1970 ) Because of the great length of time that is these hydrocarbons can invade areas of the environment they were not meant for and spread into soils, runoffs and water environments. Their toxic effects on living organisms pervade fatty membranes around nerves and disrupt the movement of ions between the fiber. Societal Effects from Water Pollution Societys main concern with water pollution has mostly been realized through our own concern for their drinking water. Contaminants of all kind have been studied for their possible harm on humans, and subsequent coverings led to seeing the effects on other life in water. Water as a carrier of pathogenic organisms that can put health at risk was the primary reason for pollution control. More recently pollution was personalized when Americans saw pictures of seals and other sea life drowning in oil slick from spills, with drastic consequences. Water birds Can often be So covered in Oil slick that they can no longer fly and feathers lose their insulation properties in cool water temperatures. Many surrounding plant life on the shoreline are also coated and vegetation rates decrease. Photosynthesis of plants is also effected below the water, where light intensity is decreased by 90%, ;o meters below the surface because of oil flushing. Long-term affects, although still being studied, are based on the chemical messaging that is adversely effected by oil compounds in the water. Similarly they also might be involved and enter in the marine food chain. (Sager, 1976) These facts helped increase awareness, Inform the public and change policy on oil tanker practices. In this same manner, EDT, decades after its discoverer Paul Mueller won the Nobel Prize for chemistry because of its insecticidal repertories, was shown causing severe damage in water life systems. Nevertheless an abundance of pesticides of all kinds are still used in many areas and often are hard to contain in specific areas. As for metals, Mercury has wrought the largest scare to humans as its toxic effects from our actions have had repercussions. Mercury is used is three major ways by human processing electrical apparatus, color-alkali industry, and paint. Humans are exposed to mercury through production of other elements, the burning of coal, and the accelerated weathering of rocks and soils. Although there are efferent compounds of mercury effecting different aspects of body processes, there are also central breakdowns. Toxic action occurs through the binding of sulfur molecules in enzymes and cell walls that inhibit normal activity and depending on amount paralyzes or kills. All damage in permanent. Humans greatest risk is through food poisoning. This was shown in the Intimate disease where 44 people died and more were paralyzed because of eating contaminated shellfish and other fish. (Sager, 1976) Because of the biological amplification of mercury in aquatic life and in unmans, the methyl mercury wastes from a shoreline plastics factory increased the mercury amount in the fish in great amounts.

St. Helena, Mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I

St. Helena, Mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I Helena was the mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I.  She was considered a  saint in the eastern and western churches, reported to be the discoverer of the true cross. Dates: About 248 CE to about 328 CE; her birth year is estimated from a report by the contemporary historian Eusebius that she was about 80 near the time of her death.Feast Day: August 19 in the western church, and May 21 in the eastern church. Also known as:  Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta, Saint Helena Helenas Origin The historian Procopius reports that Constantine named a city in Bithynia, Asia Minor, Helenopolis, to honor her birthplace, which implies but not with certainty that she was born there. That location is now in Turkey. Britain has been claimed as her birthplace, but that claim is unlikely, based on a medieval legend retold by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The claim that she was Jewish is also unlikely to be true. Trier (now in Germany) was claimed as her birthplace in 9th and 11th-century lives of Helena, but thats also unlikely to be accurate. Helenas Marriage Helena met an aristocrat, Constantius Chlorus, perhaps while he was among those fighting Zenobia. Some later sources allege they met in Britain. Whether they married legally or not is a matter of dispute among historians. Their son, Constantine, was born about 272. Its also not known whether Helena and Constantius had other children. Little is known of Helenas life for more than 30 years after her son was born. Constantius achieved higher and higher rank first under Diocletian, and then under his co-emperor Maximian. In 293 to 305, Constantius served as Caesar with Maximian as Augustus in the Tetrarchy. Constantius was married in 289 to Theodora, daughter of Maximian; either Helena and Constantius had divorced by that point, he had renounced the marriage, or they were never married. In 305, Maximian passed the title of Augustus to Constantius. As Constantius was dying in 306, he proclaimed his son by Helena, Constantine, as his successor. That succession seems to have been decided during Maximians lifetime. But that bypassed the younger sons of Constantius by Theodora, which would later be grounds for contention about the imperial succession. Mother of an Emperor When Constantine became emperor, Helenas fortunes changed, and she appears back in the public view. She was made nobilissima femina, noble lady. She was granted much land around Rome. By some accounts, including Eusebius of Caesarea, a major source for information about Constantine, in about 312 Constantine convinced his mother, Helena, to become a Christian. In some later accounts, both Constantius and Helena were said to have been Christians earlier. In 324, as Constantine won major battles ending the civil war in the wake of the failure of the Tetrarchy, Helena was granted the title of Augusta by her son, and again she received financial rewards with the recognition. Helena was involved in a family tragedy.  One of her grandsons, Crispus, was accused by his stepmother, Constantines second wife, Fausta, of trying to seduce her. Constantine had him  executed. Then Helena accused Fausta, and Constantine had Fausta executed as well.  Helenas grief was said to be behind her decision to visit the Holy Land. Travels In about 326 or 327, Helena traveled to Palestine on an official inspection for her son of the construction of churches that he had ordered. Although the earliest stories of this journey omit any mention of Helenas role in the discovery of the True Cross (on which Jesus was crucified, and which became a popular relic), later in the century she began to be credited by Christian writers with that find. In Jerusalem, she is credited with having a temple to Venus (or Jupiter) torn down and replaced with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, where the cross was supposed to have been discovered. On that journey, she also is reported to have ordered built a church on the location identified with the burning bush in the story of Moses. Other relics she is credited with finding on her travels were nails from the crucifixion and a tunic worn by Jesus before his crucifixion. Her palace in Jerusalem was converted to the Basilica of the Holy Cross. Death Her death at perhaps Trier in 328 or 329 was followed by her burial at a mausoleum near the Basilica of St. Peter and St. Marcellinus near Rome, built on some of the lands which had been granted to Helena before Constantine was emperor. As happened with some other Christian saints, some of her bones were sent as relics to other locations. St. Helena was a popular saint in medieval Europe, with many legends told about her life. She was considered a model for a good Christian woman ruler.

Hadrians Wall Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hadrians Wall Management - Essay Example This consists of a Policy Framework, which was put in place as a result of a UNESCO requirement and the UK government. The policy sets out the management of the planning, conservation, access and marketing of the Hadrian's Wall site. Therefore, any organisation contemplating running a business by offering walks around Hadrian's Wall need to be aware of the rules and regulations set down by the World Heritage Organisation. This is in addition to the standard safety responsibilities and insurance obligations required to cover them for any accidents. There are also a number of legal obligations from a legal perspective, which are government specified. The World Heritage Site Organisation have a number of members, to form a "steering group" who have been selected to create and maintain the management plans, which are produced at regular intervals. The steering group consists of a cross-section of interested parties, who are diverse in their backgrounds and usually cover different areas. They are usually experts in their fields. The committee meet twice a year to resolve issues with the site and maintain the plans in existence. The committee members come from all walks of life and cover issues: The first management plan for Hadrian's Wall was created in 1996, and this covered the period up to 2001. The plan subsequent to that covered the periods 2002 - 2007 and the current plan is expected to cover the periods 2008 - 2012. The procedure for these plans is that a first round of interest groups discussions will take place. Then the steering group will meet again to formalise the planning documents, which are then published in the next period. This usually happens every 4 years or so. The World Heritage Site Organisation was created in 1972. The aim of the organisation back then was to protect Heritage via economic regeneration for social inclusion. They also realised that this would provide a number of responsibilities and opportunities. The aim was to preserve sites and keep them in good condition for future generations. It helps when managing such walks around the wall to have knowledge of the implications of tourism at heritage sites. Although there is a need for foreign income a guide needs to be aware that the local social structures are disturbed through tourism and whole communities can be affected by the number of visitors, who may have different cultures and social ethics. Heritage management tries to balance the need for interest and profit with the need to also conserve the existing environment. From this point of view heritage management is more complex than is assumed, albeit the bottom line is to preserve heritage for future generations to enjoy. Tourism sites such as Hadrian's Wall are seen as clean, environmentally friendly, places which also provide a good local source of income for permanent residents. They are seen as favourable against traditional industries and increase the quality of life. It is also seen that heritage sites usually reduce pollution and protect the environment. Human mobility is increasing, and it looks very much that tourism is here to stay. As countries develop, there people have more desire to travel and see new places. Tourism also offers a

An Investigation of the importance of E-Commerce and Internet Essay

An Investigation of the importance of E-Commerce and Internet Marketing - Essay Example This has brought with it several positive impacts such as reduced cost of advertising and convenience in doing business; however, there have been a few negative impacts as well including easier anonymity for criminals and a faster and wider spread of false stories. This report will look at the growth of E-commerce and internet marketing and evaluate their total contribution to the economy as well as the negative impact they have had. Procedure This research employed the use of secondary research method that involves finding of relevant literature related to e-commerce and internet marketing. Therefore, this research involved finding information in scholarly databases and academic libraries, supplemented E-books and online sites that provided relevant and credible data. Secondary research has the distinct advantage of availability of pre-recorded data, which also means a lower cost of doing research. It however bears the risk of data being outdated and finding the data required unavai lable without a means to conduct a study. Findings The US government began tracking internet sales in 1999 when they only accounted for 1% of all sales done within the country. Since then, internet sales have had an astronomical growth with an average rate of 92% annually. Traditional forms of doing business have been overshadowed by online commercial activities. One of the fields that has benefitted immensely from E-commerce is the travel and hotel industry where making reservations and booking travel tickets has been made more convenient. As of 2000, E-commerce was responsible for 24% of all transactions in this industry (Khattree and Rao 2005, p.525). Although used in almost all fields, some industries have experienced an exponential growth in the use of internet marketing and sales. The hotel industry is one of these industries that have experienced a significant growth in use of online marketing with a 70% increase in its application as of 2007 (Harris 2008, p. 35). Success in it heavily depends on an online presence and, E-commerce has contributed significantly to the industries growth and has aided new companies be competitive who otherwise would not have been able to afford the advertising rates of traditional modes of advertising. Internet marketing has been of great benefit to small and medium sized enterprises. As compared to the traditional methods of marketing, internet marketing allows for building of social networks. Online marketing allows for the business to have a personal touch as one can communicate directly with the manager via e-mail (Linton n.d.), this is crucial for the development of these businesses which do not have brand recognition as it wins them customer loyalty which is crucial for them since they cannot have price-wars with their larger competitors. E-commerce has changed the way different industries provide their services one of them being the medical field. The creation of websites such as WebMD has resulted in provision of h ighly specialized services being accessed even in remote areas as well as around the globe. This has resulted in better overall health and has been beneficial to doctors who do not have to travel to remote areas to provide medical care. The use of E-commerce has also meant that retailers get more details

“Helping the Homeless” Critical response Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Helping the Homeless† Critical response Essay Homeless is a common feature in most developed countries. It has existed for a long time often we choose not to see the homeless, or bother with them, so we look the other way. Homeless is not prejudice toward race, creed or religion, it has no boundaries. Don’t look at the at them and judge them like they are all bad person, they are all lazy that’s why they become the homeless. Look at their past and listen to their story because not all of homeless people are bad. â€Å"Helping the Homeless† by Malcoln Feeley will show us about it because he was to the one of the homeless. Feeley had been the homeless in a few years because he was an alcoholic and lost his job, even his family. He lived on the streets, under the bridge and slept in the park. He met a lot of good friends that they all had the same problem. They all like brothers, they shared the food, and drink to someone really need. They took care; help each other to survive every day in their life. â€Å"We shared bottles and food when someone didn’t have anything, and we watched each other’s back†. They also were a good people, a hard worker, with a fully decent and be honest to everyone. The reason they became a homeless because the job are not available as they were back in the day. People are losing their homes, jobs and credit so they couldn’t pay rent for house, pay the basic things that they need in life. They couldn’t find any help from people to help them find a job, even with the less payment. â€Å"Other homeless, through no fault of their own, have lost their jobs and can’t pay rent. Many are war veterans who returned with emotional or physical problems that prevented them from holding jobs or fitting back into society†. Some people got back from war with damaged about physically, mentally with disable to working, what could they do to survive in our life? Nowhere or any company want to hire them because they think those people can’t work, but a good person always stays inside of them, they didn’t rob nor did a bad thing to make money to survive while they were a homeless, they are not how people thinking. â€Å"Young people who run away from home or believe living on the streets is an adventure are among the transient homeless who come, eventually leave, and are replaced by an endless flood of alienated youth†. Some people they chose to live in the street because they want to be one of them to understand the worth of life that they having, where they can find work from the street. They are just a people who are down on their luck. People are always so quick to judge them. Many of them are just normal people who’ve been dealt a bad hand. Some of them can turn out to be very put together, successful members of society it given the right opportunities. They need our help although it is a really small thing, It will make a big different. Like the author said† I help the homeless for one reason: they are my brothers and sisters. And yours.† We should not judge at the homeless people until we get to know them, look at them with all respectful and give them your help because you don’t know that someday in your life you will be one of them.

A Lady in a Machine-Shop Essay -- Susan Bivin Aller

In "A Lady in a Machine-Shop," Susan Bivin Aller uses creativity, determination, and confidence to demonstrate how they led Margaret Knight to succession as an inventor. Knight and her family moved to Manchester, New Hampshire when she was at a young age. At the age of twelve, Knight witnessed a mill worker injured by a steel-tipped shuttle. This motivated her to create a safety mechanism, her first invention, to prevent any further injuries in cotton mills. Knight's mind was built with creativeness and that helped her succeed. As Knight grew up with her brothers, she invented "sleds, kites, and other playthings that?were the envy of all the boys in town." Knight often had a smile on her face when making new items for her brothers. She enjoyed inventing and helping others in need. "Because she didn't play with dolls," like other girls did, Knight's mind developed independently and creatively. She was the type of person that had her own thoughts and feelings. When Knight worked at the Columbia Paper Bag Company, she wanted to improve how the machines made the bags. The bags were si...

Philippines Economy Essay

Philippines has displaced Indonesia as Asean economic leader — S&P I consider this as a good news for us Filipinos. We may not feel the economic growth for now but it’s actually a good thing that we have indicators of how well or poor our economy is doing. This article only means that we will now be able attract more investors to invest in the Philippines. More foreign investors means more job opportunities just like jobs for construction workers. And yes, it is not permanent but if this will continue, life will be a lot easier for the future generations. Our concern should not just be for ourselves but for the future of our country. We need to work the common good. We should all be positive in dealing with our problems and consider news like this as a blessing. More positive news like this is an indication that our economy is doing very well. It feels really good to know that this is actually happening. Despite all that we have encountered in the past years, during the past administration, we are still able to survive and are trying to improve even more. If we really want to contribute to the growth of our economy, we should learn to be productive. Don’t contribute to the growing rate of unemployment. Look for a stable job instead to help feed your family and in that simple way, you can greatly help the economy of our nation. Anything worth having is worth working hard for. Those things that we have quickly achieved will not last long. So we have to continue to work hard for ourselves and for other people. And little by little, we will be able to save our nation. Let us believe in what our leader can do and what we can do for our country. News like this is favorable to us. This only means that our President is really trying to fulfill his promises. Philippines is fastest growing Asian country for first quarter of 2013 I believe that this is more of a reminder for us to do the best that we can do to help our country. This article shows two sides of the story – the negative and the positive which I consider a good thing. Good thing because it depicts reality. â€Å"Philippines is fastest growing Asian country for first quarter of 2013,† only for the first quarter, not for the whole year. Yes, we are just halfway through the year. But what I mean is, nothing is permanent and everything doesn’t happen in a blink of an eye. With all the bad news that we can hear everyday, having this kind of article does not mean that we are able to get through it all. I am not trying to be negative. I just want to give emphasis to those negative things that we can turn into positive. The Philippines is still facing many challenges. One of which is still the growing rate of unemployment. I would like to give emphasis on issues of job mismatch. I believe that the only way to solve this is through education. For me, we should never stop learning. Even when we graduate from school and even when we are already working. We have to continue to enhance our skills to do better things. Before students graduate from High School, they should already have an idea of what they want to become in the future. That will bring out the best in themselves. And when they graduate, they have to look for a job that they love and they will never get tired of doing it. How is this possible? Let everyone be informed of the importance of education. Continue to inspire and Motivate. Share stories of hope. Pay it forward. Economic Expansion slows down in Japan This is kind of surprising to know but I believe they can get over this. They are very hardworking, very creative, unique and one of the countries we all look forward to. With how they are able to maintain a good economy, good people, that is something. But then again, let’s face the reality. Japan’s public debt surpassed the 1 quadrillion yen ( £6.7tn) mark last week and the country needs a strong recovery to boost tax revenues enough to begin reducing its debt burden. It will raise pressure on the leader. Japan has always been competitive and this is a challenge for them. Many of Japan’s corporations have enjoyed higher profits due to the yen’s fall against other currencies, boosting the value of their overseas earnings when counted in yen terms. The recovery in exports has been a boon for global corporations, such as Toyota.But corporate investment has remained flat, falling 0.1% in April to June. Residential investment also weakened, despite signs of a recovery in housing construction. Meanwhile, wages have risen only for some workers, accentuating concerns over whether household income will keep pace as prices rise under the government’s campaign to end deflation through extreme monetary easing.

Of mice and men †George’s character Essay

George possesses many fine, admirable qualities in the novel, however there is one action he ultimately commits which is evil. Of George’s good qualities, his self respect and respect for others are his most outstanding. He displays all of these qualities many times throughout the book, and never are these qualities contradicted, except in one evil act that George commits. George is a character who has great respect for himself. Often, we stereotype homeless, drifter types such as George as people who have no concern for personal hygiene, appearance, or even something as simple as a clean place to sleep. George, however, is a living example that disproves this stereotype. When George and Lenny first arrive on the ranch, George is assigned a bed in the bunkhouse. When George proceeds to put his belongings on a shelf next to his bed, he finds a bottle that reads, â€Å"positively kills lice, roaches, and other scourges,†(20). After George finds this, he responds, â€Å"What the hell kind of bed you giving us, anyways. We don’t want no pants rabbits,†(20). This shows that George does care if he has a clean bed to sleep in; we sometimes think a person like George wouldn’t care about this. Throughout the novel, George shows his respect for others many times. The character that George respects the most is Slim. George never challenged Slim’s opinion, and recognized that Slim’s word was law. Not only George respects Slim, though. It seems everyone on the ranch recognizes Slim as the supreme law. After Slim tells Candy that he thinks the dog should be shot, â€Å"Candy looked helplessly at him [Slim], for Slim’s opinions were law.† George also has a great respect for Crooks, the Negro stable buck. When George finds Lenny and Candy in Crooks’ room, he realizes that Crooks likes the company, however he knows that, for the good of Crooks, that Candy and Lenny must leave the room. George makes them leave the room because he respects Crooks and is trying to do what’s best for him. In the conclusion of the novel, George commits one evil, horrendous deed. This deed is killing Lennie. George doesn’t just mercifully kill Lennie, though. George executes him, shooting him in the back of the head with a pistol. Lennie must have felt pain, even if it was just for a second. George could have easily fled with Lennie and poisoned him or, better yet, not killed Lennie at all. The grounds on which George killed Lennie are not justifiable. They could have made another attempt at making a stake to buy that piece of property, however George threw this chance away. George also commits a crime on himself, because after Lennie is killed, it can be deduced that George will go on to lead an immoral, evil lifestyle, that of the average bucker on the ranch. In this novel, Steinbeck seems to view all human dreams as unachievable. He illustrates many characters with distinct dreams in this novel, such as Lennie and George, Candy, and Curley’s wife. Each one of these characters has different dreams, but each dream is incredibly important to them. All of these dreams, though, seem like they will never be achieved by the people who dream them. Lennie and George’s dream is perhaps the most important dream; the story is somewhat focused around it. This dream begins with building up a stake, which is a sum of money accumulated over a time. Once a stake of around 600 dollars is accumulated, George and Lenny plan to buy a small piece of land, about 10 acres, and move into the house on it. † ‘†¦Someday-we’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an’ a cow and some pigs and-† â€Å"An’ live off the fatta the lan,’ Lennie shouted,†(15). George is the one who initially came up with this dream. Initially, George just told Lennie of this dream to amuse him. George, though, never thought this would ever happen. With the inclusion of Candy in the plan, though, George begins to believe this dream. He still has a feeling that he won’t achieve it. From what the novel says, we can conclude that Lennie and George will never achieve this dream, because Lennie is dead. We can also deduce that George will never settle down and buy some land on his own. Candy has a dream similar to George and Lennie’s, however he wants a different feeling out of the dream. What Candy is looking for is a sense of security. This is important to someone like Candy, who, having a relatively unstable job, could be fired at any time. Also, Candy is disabled, so he would have a hard time finding another job, especially in a time like the Great Depression. Candy wants to live with Lennie and George so that he can have a secure future, and not have to worry about not having a place to live. When George seems to abandon the dream when he knows Lennie must die, Candy is worried that George won’t want to complete the dream without Lennie. â€Å"You an’ me can get that little place, can’t we, George? You an’ me can go there an’ live nice, can’t we, George? Can’t we?†(103). It can be deduced from this passage that Candy is having doubts about the dream now, and is worried it will never be achieved. It seems that Curley’s wife has the simplest dream of all in the novel. All that she craves is attention. She is so desperate for attention that she will take it from anyone, even Lennie or Crooks, the Negro stable buck. It can be deduced that the reason she married Curley was for the sole purpose of attention, because it is clear that she doesn’t have much attraction to him, and he has only a limited amount of attraction to her; he treats her more like a prostitute than a wife. When Curly’s wife gets lonely, she seeks out anyone for attention, even stooping to the level of getting attention from the stable buck, when he is in his room with Candy and Lennie. She also looks to Lennie for attention when she finds him alone in the barn. This was not an intelligent idea and it resulted in her death. Curly’s wife died without ever receiving ample attention from anyone, thus her dream was not achieved. George and Curly are both very similar people. They are both rather small, and both of them could defend themselves if they needed to. They both work on the ranch, and they both, in there own mind, have a lot of power. There are however, many differences between Curly and George. Among these is their personality, self respect, and respect for others. George has a very mellow, calm attitude about things, and never gets out of control. He’s a very controlled person, and would never let his temper get the better of him. Curly, on the other hand, is always looking to pick a fight. Whenever he gets the opportunity, he will challenge someone to a fight. This is partially due to the fact that he’s an avid boxer, and it’s also due to his mentality. He has the classic â€Å"little guy† mentality, always wanting to be able to beat up people, to make up for his size. George has much respect for himself. He shows this in the beginning of the novel, when he finds the lice killer next to the bed. He knows that he deserves a clean bed, because he has much respect for himself. Curly, though, has no respect for himself. He’s always trying to be better than other people, trying to show up people. He has to build himself up to make up for his lack of confidence and respect for himself. George has much respect for others. He respects Slim greatly, and takes Slim’s word as law. He also respects Crooks, by realizing that it’s best for Lennie to stay out of his room. George doesn’t look for fights because he has respect for people, and isn’t willing to stoop to the level of Curly. By punching Lennie just for supposedly laughing at him, Curly shows that he has no respect for Lennie. If he did, he would not have had any reason to fight him. Curly fought Lenny on grounds of respect; he wanted to gain respect from others if he won the fight.

Eyes Wide Shut essays

Eyes Wide Shut essays In Eyes Wide Shut, Stanley Kubrick explores a world of emptiness. He reveals a society of masks with open eyes that never actually see anything. He uses the relationship between Bill and Alice Harford, an ordinary, although wealthy, couple to show the difference between reality and fantasy. Red is a prominent theme throughout the movie as it represents passion and evil. He also uses mirrors to give an actual, unbiased reflection of the characters. As in many other movies, Kubrick names the main characters with a purpose. Bill and Alice are such everyday names, for everyday people. By naming them with such ordinary names, he is comparing them to the viewer. He follows up on this idea when Bill goes to Somerton and he zooms in on the security camera on the building. Instead of the security camera watching Bill, its as if its watching the camera, or the audience. Kubrick strategically places the color red in places where Bill is giving in to something that will lead to his demise. The door to Dominoes apartment, the Sonata Caf, and the costume shop are all covered in red. Each place is like a warning for Bill to turn back, but he continued on. At Sonata Caf, Kubrick places a more obvious warning. All along the walls are signs that state All exits are final. Once Bill decides to explore the other side, he will lose the wholeness of his reality forever. The masks at Nathansons house, Dominoes apartment, and at the orgy in Somerton represent a loss of reality. With the mask on, the characters can do anything they desire because they are hidden and separated from reality. They lose their identity, and become nameless, empty individuals. In Dominoes apartment, Bill wears a mask, as he stops being the loving husband, and tries to re-establish his masculinity by having emotionless sex. At Somerton, the masks allow the people shed all morality, and...

Till vs. Until

Till vs. Until Till vs. Until Till vs. Until By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Isnt the shortened version of until spelled ’til, not til or till? I know that till is a word (I worked as a grocery store cashier as a teenager), so I understand why it doesnt get flagged by spellcheck when some writers incorrectly shorten the word until as till. Many speakers believe that the till in such expressions as â€Å"Till death do us part† and â€Å"Till the end of Time† should be written ’til, as if it were a shortened version of until. In fact, till is not a shortening of until. It is a freestanding word that can be used as a preposition and as a conjunction in the same ways as until. Both words are documented with the sense of â€Å"up to the time of† as early as the 1300s. Till is more common in speech and until in writing, but both have been used interchangeably by generations of writers. Shakespeare uses both in All’s Well That Ends Well (c.1604): Go, tell the Count Rousillon, and my brother, We have caught the woodcock, and will keep him muffled Till we do hear from them. Our rash faults Make trivial price of serious things we have, Not knowing them until we know their grave. Dickens uses both till and until in Great Expectations (1861): I was not expected till to-morrow; but I had my keys, and, if Herbert were gone to bed, could get to bed myself without disturbing him. Until she opened the side entrance, I had fancied, without thinking about it, that it must necessarily be night-time. George Orwell does it in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949): The new ration did not start till tomorrow and he had only four cigarettes left. Very likely the confessions had been rewritten and rewritten until the original facts and dates no longer had the smallest significance. The form ’til is a fairly recent invention, created by writers in the mistaken belief that spoken till is a shortening of until and should therefore be written with an apostrophe for the missing syllable un-. Bottom line: Till is a perfectly good English word. ’Til is nonstandard. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives Rules for Capitalization in TitlesWord Count and Book Length

Opinion of reading for Journalism class Assignment

Opinion of reading for Journalism class - Assignment Example It is their job to present facts and that only – of course, having put to mind the ability of knowing the limit of what must be presented or not. During the early parts of the second half of the twentieth century, the media allegedly had not been able to do its rightful job. Disputes between the â€Å"black† and the â€Å"white† Americans were told to be [worsened] by the way the media had presented it to the public. With already prejudiced opinions about the â€Å"blacks,† they – as the Kerner Report found out – â€Å"have failed to communicate† the truth. A breach of confidence over knowing what was true – or not – had evolved. Today’s situation, fortunately, is unlike the past. Although there are still issues between the conflicting â€Å"colors† in America in the present, having elected a â€Å"black† president must now prove that the â€Å"white† Americans have accepted that there is [really] no race superior than the other; and with their ability to influence the public’s idea about something, the media must take serious steps toward realizing that with their â€Å"almost-unlimited† right to free expression, considering the civil right of a person, a society or an organization is one essential idea that must not be put

Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Christianity - Essay Example 2. Why were the Romans initially threatened by Christianity? The Romans were initially threatened by Christianity because leaders who stood and believed in the status quo did not encourage any shift of power from one social group to another. In fact, a shift in power would amount to quite big problems; it all boiled down to money. Without enough people to make sacrifices at the temple, people who worked in temples and made money as money changers in the temples did not make money off to Christians, who refused to participate due to the new wave of thinking brought in by Christianity. Christians were viewed as overly exclusive and hence, dangerous to the society in general and public order. Christians had no respect for other gods and they therefore refrained from public festivals that were meant to honor public deities. In fact, they never worshiped state gods and the imperial cult. They neither worshipped nor recognized the emperor as the leader of religion. This turned out to be un fortunate for the Romans, who wanted to stay powerful. Therefore, they were treated with suspicion and regarded as stubborn and somewhat subversive to the State solidarity. 3. What do the world-views of Christianity and Greco-Roman humanism have in common? How are they different? Christianity and Greco-Roman humanism share many common elements. ... This means that both Christianity and Greco-Roman humanism had several things in common and maintained differences at the same too. 4. Explain the importance of these individuals: 1- Saint Paul: Saint Paul was important because he was one of the Apostles of Christ. Initially, Paul was a persecutor of Christians who got converted while on his way to Damascus (the Lord converted him from Saul to a Roman name Paul) thus becoming one of the greatest Christian missionaries. He traveled far and wide within Greece and other places in order to spread the Gospel, ultimately shaping the way we understand the Bible today. 2- The Bishop of Rome: The Bishop of Rome was very important because he made important decisions regarding Christianity-before Christianity in Europe was split into the warring factions of Protestantism with Martin Luther and Rome’s Catholicism. The Bishop of Rome rose to a position of preeminence in the hierarchical structure of the church to be identified as the leade r of the church. 3- Saint Augustine: Saint Augustine was the first archbishop of the church of Canterbury. He was also a writer, rhetorician, and devout Christian whose writings upon several topics regarding faith were highly-regarded in the Christian faith. St. Augustine’s works are respected by both Protestants and Catholics alike. 5. What was monasticism and why was it important to the people of this period and to Western Civilization in general? Do monastic communities still exist? Explain. Monasticism was a form of asceticism practiced by Protestant, Christian, and Orthodox monks (men) and nuns (women). In a gender-neutral term they are known as â€Å"monastics†. The Monastics lived alone in the

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Gun Control - Essay Example Some people think that by banning guns crimes would be removed but this may not be so, as we know that there are many laws made but they are not necessarily followed. These laws which are not followed by the criminals have two adverse effects. First of all those sellers who are not allowed to sell arms and ammunitions become rich selling their weapons illegally. This will lead to a formation of a black market and we will lose complete control over it. â€Å"I am convinced that we can do to guns what weve done to drugs: create a multi-billion dollar underground market over which we have absolutely no control.† (Roman) Secondly, the law abiding citizens face a loss as they now have no weapons while the criminals, who don’t even bother to respect the law, will still be armed. This will reduce the number of lives saved by such law abiding citizens. This shows that the criminals are criminals because they don’t follow the laws and we cannot expect them to do so. †Å"Expecting a carjacker or rapist or drug pusher to care that his possession or use of a gun is unlawful is like expecting a terrorist to care that his car bomb is taking up two parking spaces.† (Chew) People who fought for independence also had guns. It is not the guns that matter; it is the intention of the one using it. Depriving people of guns doesn’t solve the problems but it only worsens it. Think about those nations who are now independent just because they fought for their independency. If they would have no guns, then they wouldn’t have got their independence. Like all the other things, gun control has some positive aspects as well. Guns are weapons and if not handled safely they can cause all the kinds of damage. In 1998, 30708 deaths were caused by weapons in the United States. Of that number, 12102 were assassinations, 17424 were suicides, 366 were accidents, 316 had nameless causes, and only 154 were confirmed to be in self-protection. (Guns in Our

Personal Development Plan in Childcare

Personal Development Plan in Childcare Over the four years I have been working at various different settings as a student volunteer which include the following Private Day Cares, Primary Schools and Nursery Schools. Studying Early Childhood has given me, amongst other things, a broad knowledge of child development. It has given me an opportunity to reflect upon my own learning styles and professionalism and explore legislation, theories and research materials. I have devised a Skills Audit (See Appendix One) where I have chosen categories (taken and adapted from the UCLAN Employability Framework) to assess and grade myself against which I will be evaluating my strengths and weaknesses against the competencies. Leadership Ability Shows ability to innovate and shows initiative however lacks confidence to motivate other and shows some evidence of leadership. (See Appendix 1) Leadership is about vision and influence therefore Rodd (1998) says that Leaders are able to balance the concern for work, task, quality and productivity with concern for people, relationships, satisfaction and morale. (Isle-Buck.E: 2003). Although I am not a leader but a student volunteer I believe that this is my weakness as I havent been able to establish leading other colleagues and promoting their development and taking their views into account. However I could say that I am a leader for children as I provide for them, allow them to take part in decisions and take into account their views and needs for them to develop their knowledge and understanding further in a fun experience. Organisation Planning and Prioritising Abilities Capable of managing time effectively; demonstrates self motivation/self management, showing some level of increased confidence in planning and carrying out arrange of tasks. (See Appendix 1) Time Management could be described as Getting the most benefit from time, using it wisely and efficiently (Day, 1999). This could include avoiding wasting time on tasks that are unnecessary. However managing my time successfully ensures that I leave myself time to alter or make improvements on assignments as necessary without causing me too much concern or missing a deadline. Being able to organise myself and my priorities it enables me to approach each day in a positive manner and at ease. On the other hand I could say that a weakness of mine is planning at the moment as I have been working in a Year 1 class with the National Curriculum (NC) and have now moved down to a Reception class where the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is used. The EYFS is used differently to the NC when planning so it will take me some time to get used to this procedure taking into account this could be a goal for me to achieve. Communication and Interpersonal Skills Always clear and accurate, high standard of presentational skills. Is able to communicate with people ant all levels and shows confidence in how they communicate to meet others views. (See Appendix 1) Communication skills are important and the way you communicate with others too. Parents and other colleagues find it easy to approach me as I have developed a good understanding with them. As mentioned in Sadek, E, (2009: 72), If the people whom you are communicating usually experience their transactions with you as positive, affirming to their self-esteem and productive for them personally, they will usually come back for some more. Being bilingual helps the setting that I am volunteering in at the moment. This is entirely due to the fact as children from Asian backgrounds that attend the school out of which some children and parents have English as an Additional Language. For example if children are struggling to understand what the teacher is saying to them in English, the teacher as ks me to translate to the child in their home language (Urdu/Punjabi). This then enables the child have a clear understanding of what the teacher is expecting or wants them to do. Therefore over the years my self esteem/ motivation and confidence have built up and I enjoy what I do during my days at the school enabling me to provide stimulating activities for them to enjoy and learn. Miller.L, (2005: 28), states that Communication within early years settings is fundamental and as Rodd (1998) suggests: Working in an early years setting, whether it is large or small, involves many interactions between adults and other adults and between adults and children. Team Working Abilities Reasonable evidence of working as part of a team and shows evidence of interacting and begins to contribute ideas or concerns with other team members. (See Appendix 1) Whalley, M (1994: 171) Reminds us that working as a team is a process not a technique, while Rodd (1998: 116) states that teamwork relies on open communication, democratic organization and effective problem-solving skills. (Dryden.L: 2005). I have worked within teams and sometimes find it at ease to interact and sometimes I lack confidence in contributing when in large groups as I feel I might be saying a comment or contributing unnecessary ideas. However this is something that I could develop upon. I occasionally share concerns with the staff if they are necessary regarding parents or children. Reflection Shows significant ability to evaluate and identify key learning of self and others. Shows clear understanding and knowledge of how to use and aid reflection within learning. (See Appendix 1) The work of David Kolb studies the way in which people learn and looks in particular at experiential learning. Experiential learning describes the cyclical pattern of learning from experience through reflection and conceptualising to action, and back to experiencing once again (Wallace, 2001). Relating this to my own learning, I experience on a day-to-day basis the challenges and joy of working with children. I then reflect on the things I have learnt and how they correspond with my studies and the theories. By reflecting on my learning styles and the way in which I approach my work, I have been able to improve my techniques to ensure I am making the most of my time and energy. However reflecting on my learning with other team members has been beneficial too as it has supported me to change or de velop my learning further. As stated in MacLeod Brundell. I, et al, (2008), Pollard and Tann (in Fisher, 2001:199) suggest that reflective practice, professional learning and personal fulfilment are enhanced through collaboration and dialogue with colleagues. Problem Solving Occasional critical thinking and decision-making skills with some interpretation of major factors and understanding choices. Some evidence of testing different options and implementing the chosen solution. (See Appendix 1) Being able to think critically takes time and practice to master. Brookfield has described critical thinking As a useful and positive activity. The word critical often suggests finding fault. However, critical thinking can examine an idea or concept by looking at the positive as well as negative aspects (Day, 1999). For example, during my working day I am able to reflect upon and evaluate current activities that I have done. Likewise in my studies, I am able to look at pieces of researches or articles that have been produced by different authors and occasionally be able to analyse and reflect upon them but I feel that I am lacking some confidence in critical thinking as sometimes I describe rather than analysing the texts. However I am able to reflect on them by gi ving my views and opinions as well as making links to other articles and/or theorists. Continuous Professional Development I recently started working part time in the summer holidays at a Childrens Play Scheme Centre as a Mobile Team Worker. My role was to go to various settings and provide fun activities for children aged 5 12 to enjoy in their holidays. Before attending work I was offered to go on training courses alongside other new colleagues which included First Aid Training and Safeguarding Children. Whilst on the Safeguarding Training the information that was being told was already fresh in my mind as I had completed a module on Safeguarding Children. Within the module we discussed relevant and up to date legislations as well as how to proceed and take action on how to deal with children and families where abuse is identified. However this training course was not beneficial for me I think as I knew the relevant information already bearing in mind that it was a beginners course to Safeguarding. First aid training was a period over two days where I and other colleagues joined in discussions and practical activities. I enjoyed this training session and found it a valuable asset to learn. It showed me how to proceed when in difficult situations such as a baby not breathing, cuts and scabs, bleeding and vomiting etc. I learnt what procedures to follow to get a result and if the situation was not able to be dealt with how to deal with the situation then too. We worked as a team to assess different situations and cases, I thought this was good as each team member would get to talk to each other and communicate effectively and help each other if one wasnt sure how to proceed. Overall the First Aid training session for me was a worthwhile session that I had been too. Critical Analysis of Professional Development What is professional identity? It can be described as the relationships between social structures and individual agency between notions of a socially constructed and therefore contingent and ever-remade self, with dispositions attitudes and behavioural responses, which are durable and relatively stable between cognitive and emotional identities (Day et al, 2006:601) Since the launch of the Every Child Matters (ECM) document in 2003 regarding the Victoria Climbie Enquiry and the succeeding of Childrens Act 2004, it could be argued that childcare services have had a rapid change for everyone involved within this field for example teachers, practitioners, doctors, social workers, health visitors and the police etc. In August 2006 the local government published its response to the national consultation on the future of the childrens workforce. Within this context the governments response was to outline how people working within the early years workforce will provide a major contribution to improving childrens achievements as well as supporting parents and families in giving their children as many possible life chances they can achieve. Every Child Matters: Change for Children has the outcomes that we desire for all the children to achieve their full potential in. This change has gone some way to creating the role of the Early Years Professionals (EY Ps). An EYP will have the qualifications and experience needed to take on a leadership role in a childcare setting, and provide quality care and education for children. (Nursery World:2009). CDWC (2006a: 2) state that EYPs are seen as agents of change dedicated to improving practice in the early years sector. (Nurse: 2007). Alongside ECM, the Government launched a ten year strategy to improve services for children. The Childrens Workforce Development Council (CWDC) was set up in 2005 so that they would support the performance of ECM. The CWDCs role is to join together the way different agencies work together to bring consistency to the way children and young people are listened to and looked after. They state that we are the voice of employers and we make sure their concerns, experiences and views directly influence workforce reform. The CWDC supports people who work with children, young children and their families in the sectors including the early years, social work, social care, the welfare sector and young people. The ECM website quotes: The ten year strategy aims to provide a sustainable framework for high quality integrated early years and childcare services for all children and families (Every Child Matters: 2009). The word sustainable is a vital point here. In order to continue providing good qu ality service, there needs to be a continuous program of training in order to provide settings with professionals for future generations. Sustainability could be described as meeting overheads and provide a quality, accessible and affordable service that is relevant and needed in the community. Although sustainability is important sufficiency also plays a vital role too which can be described as having the means to provide childcare that meets the requirements of the community, showing awareness of the needs of parents who work or are in training. The Early Years Professional Status (EYPS) was first introduced in 2006 a graduate professional. EYPs are highly trained graduate leaders, with up-to-date knowledge and understanding of early years sectors regarding child care and development, as well as having qualifications that are recognised. This enables the EYP to share their high levels of practice and knowledge with other members within the team. This essential role within the early years plays a vital role in supporting childrens well being and development for them to succeed which has become evident within recent years. This has been emphasised a great deal in the Childrens Plan (2007) within the early years sector. Anning and Edwards (2006: 51) describe professional identity in the EYP role as a way of being, seeing and responding, responsively and flexibly maximising the learning potential of every aspect of Early Years practice, particularly in building on the childrens own ideas, preferences and interests (Carr: 2001). The EYPS is the on the same professional level as with teachers who have a Qualified Teacher Status (QTS). CWDC (2006) states that it is important to consider that the two qualifications are both professional statuses but are based on different set of skills and knowledge. On the other hand newly qualified teachers (NQTs) are provided with support, personal mentoring, effective career development etc, as well as the opportunity to follow up by Continuous Professional Development (CPD) structure within the school year. They also have the opportunity to work effectively and focus on the highest levels of learning and pedagogy. In contrast EYPs have none of this support available to them at the current time. The pay for the EYPs is minimum as well as no structures or guidelines around conditions of service, support requirements, or ongoing CPD to maintain and build skill-levels. (Aspect: 2008). There are a number of questions which immediately rise from this, as Nurse, (2007) mentions that there is serious debate about the link between the EYPS and QTS, not only because it cuts across many current employees allegiances to particular professions but also it affects the lives of children and families as well as those who will work in the field in the future. Since the launch of the EYPS in 2006, the Government has provided around  £250m in funding through the Transformation Fund. This enabled students to apply for money to fund a degree in Early Childhood Studies. A further  £305m was made available through the Graduate Leader Fund to help transform the early years workforce  and deliver the Ten Year Strategy for Childcare (Every Child Matters: 2008) To gain the EYPS each candidate should be able to demonstrate and achieve 39 standards which will enable them to meet the requirements for EYPS. These standards fall under the following six categories: Knowledge and Understanding, Effective Practice, Relationships with Children, Communication and Working with Partnership with Families and Carers, Team Work and Collaboration and Professional Development. These six categories when working with children from birth to five which the 39 standards fall under are to be achieved by each candidate that chooses to do the EYPS. Most of the standards that are created are an effective way of meeting the requirements to enhance professional development as well as meeting the needs of children and their families. For example in the category Knowledge and Understanding, Standard 1, The principles and content of the Early Years Foundation Stage and how to put them into practice revolves around the practitioners. This standard enables the practitioner to enhance their knowledge of the EYFS and how it is to be used to provide effective provision for the children within their setting. Without the knowledge and understanding of the curriculum practitioners will be unable to provide the up most best for children in their care. Another example can be from the category, Professional Development, S38 Reflect on and evaluate the impact of practice, modifying approaches where necessary and take responsibility for identifying and meeting their professional needs. This enables the practitioner to develop on their weaknesses which will allow them to provide opportunities in development where necessary to enhance their professional development. Taking into account practitioners should note that EYPS is not a qualification but it is a new status which recognises a students knowledge and skills as a practitioner and a professional leader (Moyle: 2007). CWDC (2010) stipulates that the role of the EYPS enables practitioners who are working with children aged birth to five to demonstrate the excellence of their practice and their ability to lead practice. The government proposed that the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum (EYFS) should be delivered by a skilled early years and childcare workforce, professionally led and with a strengthened qualification and career structure. On the other hand the EYFS also enables to improve on their practice and support their professional development by the recommendations which are stipulated in section 1 of the EYFS Practice Guidance. (DfES, 2007b: 5) This links into the EYP Standard S33, as Nurse (2007: 144) states that this standard stresses the important link between reflection and professional development, the more skilled you become in evaluating the effectiveness of your own practice, the more you will be able to identify opportunities to enhance and develop your own expertise and knowle dge. The EYFS is the curriculum for 0-5 year olds that was introduced in 2008 which took place of the Birth to 3 Matters (2002) and the Foundation Stage (2000) Curriculums. It is a single quality framework to support childrens learning and development. For practitioners and EYPs, the EYFS has presented many challenges, its main effect is to recognise each child for its individuality as well as recognising the childs strength to improve and plan their future continued learning. Therefore the governments aim was to have a graduate EYP in all children centres by 2010 and in every day care setting led by an EYP graduate by 2015 with two graduate EYPs per setting in the disadvantaged areas. The childcare sector has, until recent years, been overshadowed somewhat by formal education. The Government has now recognised the importance of delivering a quality service for children aged Birth to 5 years, delivered by professionals trained and experienced in the field of early years (Whalley:2008). Th is recognition could partly be due to the increasing number of children attending a full-time setting and the emphasis on helping a child reach their full potential early in life. Once the EYP has qualified they can choose to either work in the childrens centre which provides early education which is integrated with health and family support services. By 2010, the government proposed that they will have at least 3,500 centres across the country which will be available and accessible to everyone (Every Child Matters: 2009). However other career paths are available for EYPs to follow than work in Children Centres for example Private Day Cares, Early Years Advisors etc. In conclusion there are no arguments that the EYPS cannot work or indeed it isnt a good idea apart from the lack of low pay and conditions Pugh et al (2010:206) stipulates that the new initiatives that the government have outlined promise a better future for the early years workforce and consequently a better future for children as well. Personal Development Plan Target:  In order to apply for PGCE I need to achieve Science GCSE Grade C or above Short Term Goal:  Arrange to attend classes in the following year 2011. Long Term Goal:  Achieve Science GCSE by 2012. Target:  Complete BA (HONS) Early Childhood Studies Short Term Goal:  Complete formative assignments and receive feedback to develop upon. Long Term Goal:  Complete and pass all summative assignments by summer 2011. Target:  Study and research a wider selection of articles and texts to support my degree work Short Term Goal:  Study and make notes of course books and recommended reading for each module. Download relevant articles and information from the Internet related to my assignments. Long Term Goal:  By 2011 I will be able to judge my success by my improved knowledge and ability to read critically. Target:  Build on my self esteem and confidence. Short Term Goal:  Take sessions on how to build confidence and self esteem by taking counselling. Long Term Goal:  Be able to share and contribute ideas with confidence. Target:  To experience working with children between the ages 0-5 years. Short Term Goal:  Attend nursery sessions to see how staff teaches. I will also be attending training sessions for the Early Years Foundation Stage to increase my knowledge and understanding. Long Term Goal:  By September I will work in a nursery class and work alongside children from 0-5 years and the Early Years Foundation Stage. Target:  To develop an understanding of the concept of the Early Years Foundation Stage. Short Term Goal:  I will attend training sessions for the Early Years Foundation Stage in the summer. Long Term Goal:  By September I will have an understanding of the Early Years Foundation Stage and will be working alongside it. Target:  To work alongside the Early Years Foundation Stage and develop how to use it for an observation. Short Term Goal:  I will attend training sessions for the Early Years Foundation Stage in the summer to understand the concept of this curriculum. Long Term Goal:  In September I will be able to use the outcomes of the Early Years Foundation Stage to observe and assess set children and this will be able to help me build up their personal profiles. Target:  To work alongside the Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum and have some training done. Short Term Goal:  By summer 2011 I will have attended some training sessions and have developed skills for the Early Years Foundation Stage so that I can use this curriculum as I am working with under 5s. Long Term Goal:  In September 2012 I will be working with children under 5s using the Early Years Foundation Stage and will be able to adapt to the changes Target:  To work alongside other professionals within the setting. Short Term Goal:  By Easter I will have acknowledged which professionals are working within the setting and understood their role Long Term Goal:  By September 2011 when I work in another class where there are special needs children or other children with specific needs I will be working alongside with them with the child. References Aspect, (June 2008), Early Years Professionals: Making the EYP project a Success Daly, M, Byers, E and Taylor, W, (2004) Early Years Management in Practice, Heinemann Day, C (1999) Developing Teachers: The Challenges of Lifelong Learning, London: Routledge Falmer Day.C, Kington.A, Stobrt.G and Sammons.P, (2006), The Personal and Professional selves of Teachers: Stable and Unstable Identities, British Educational Research Journal, Volume 32, No 4, August. Dryden, L, Forbes, R, Mukherji, P, Pound, L, (2005) Essential Early Years, Hodder Arnold Every Child Matters (March 2008) Graduate Leader Fund further information on purpose and implementation Every Child Matters, Department for Children, Schools and Families, [On-line] http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/deliveringservices/workforcereform/earlyyearsworkforce/ [Accessed 22nd November 2010] Every Child Matters (2009) Early Years and Childcare Every Child Matters: Change for Children [On-line] (Updated 15th February 2009) Available at: http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/earlyyears/ [Accessed 22nd November 2010] Isle-Buck, E and Newstead, S (2003), Excellence in Childcare: Essential Skills for Managers of Child-Centerd Settings, David Fulton Publishers Macleod-Brundell, I and Kay, J, (2008) 2nd Edition, Advanced Early Years Care and Education, Heinemann Miller.L, Cable.C and Deveruex.J, (2005), Developing Early Years Practice, David Fulton Publishers Ltd: London Moyles.J, (2007), Early Years Foundations: Meeting the Challenge, USA: Open University Press Nurse. AD, (2007), The New Early Years Professional: Dilemmas and Debates, Routledge Nursery World (6th March 2009) Nursery Management: Editors View Nursery World, [On-line] Available at: http://www.nurseryworld.co.uk/news/887566/Nursery-Management-Profiletrue-vocation/6 March 2009 [Accessed 22nd November 2010] Pugh.G and Duffy.B, (2010), Contemporary Issues in the Early Years, 5th Edition, London: SAGE Publications Sadek, E and Sadek, J (2009) Nursery Management, 3rd Edition, Nelson Thornes Ltd Wallace, S. (2001) Teaching Supporting Learning in Further Education, Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd Whalley.M, Allen.S Wilson.D, (2008), Leading Practice in Early Years Settings (Achieving EYPS), Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd http://www.cwdcouncil.org.uk/eyps CWDC (2006) Early Years Professional Status http://www.cwdcouncil.org.uk/eyps/standards [Accessed 22nd November 2010] http://www.cwdcouncil.org.uk [Accessed 20th December 2010] Appendices Appendix One Leadership Ability Organisation Planning and Prioritising Abilities Communication and Interpersonal Skills Example A leader who provides for self and others working alongside them. Communication and decision making skills to involve and take views from colleagues. Time management (punctuality, meeting deadlines), self management and self motivation, interpersonal skills like confidence, awareness of life-long learning and planning for future development. Oral, Written, Visual, PowerPoint and other forms of delivery; communicating academically and professionally choosing forms of delivery, structure and language appropriate to audience; leading discussions and responding to feedback. 1. Poor communication. Inability to consider others views before making decisions and unable to play a positive lead role. Little or no use of evidence of using time effectively, attempting to improve self motivation and self-management or to develop confidence in planning and carrying out a range of tasks. Inadequate no real consideration of audience and has tendency to be in accurate. Shows little or no evidence of communicating effectively with others and has difficulty conveying information in any form. 2. Good communication skills but lacks initiative in playing a lead role as well as the planning and organisation. Occasional evidence of using time effectively; basic self motivation evident with limited development of confidence in planning and carrying out a range of tasks. Staring to show and use good communication skills however lacks confidence in communicating with others and has difficulty presenting to people at all levels. 3. Shows ability to innovate and shows initiative however lacks confidence to motivate other and shows some evidence of leadership. Good attempt at using time effectively, some evidence of self-motivation/self management with some improvement in confidence in planning and carrying out a range of tasks. Reasonable presentation and generally accurate in content rarely has difficulty in making a point starting to show confidence in what they are doing and the way they are communicating with others. 4. Beginning to show confidence in motivating others and providing support for the staff. Shows clear evidence of leadership ability. Capable of managing time effectively; demonstrates self motivation/self management, showing some level of increased confidence in planning and carrying out arrange of tasks. Always clear and accurate, shows high standard of presentational skills. Is able to communicate with people ant all levels and shows confidence in how they communicate to meet others views. 5. A strong leader who shows self motivation and motivates others too considering their views and needs. Is confident in making the right decisions. Manages time highly effectively; demonstrates consistent self motivation and self-management and an increased confidence in planning and carrying out a range of tasks. Shows a strong ability to give a complete and concise account of a situation, either orally or written. Is able to communicate effectively with parents and others in a wise manner and confident.Skills Audit Team-working Abilities Reflection Problem Solving Example Understanding and developing a role in the team and showing its effectiveness by working with, listening and encouraging the development of others which may also include leadership skills, group ideas and resources. Understanding own learning (learning styles, awareness of how one develops and appropriate use of C.I analysis and journals) Recognition that people learn differently and see things from diverse perspectives. Decision-making skills, critical thinking sustained and applied analytical skills, negotiation skills, managing change and risk, testing different strategies and choosing most appropriate solution. 1. Inability to interact within a team and shows little or no evidence of participating within a team by sharing ideas and concerns. Has no evidence of evaluating/identifying of key learning experience of others and self. Lacks the understanding and knowledge of reflection Shows no evidence of critical thinking and decision-making skills with little or no evidence of appreciation of major factors and no evidence of how to handle choices solution implemented without considering alternative options. 2. Shows some evidence of interaction and motivation within a team. Occasionally listening and working with others but lacks confidence in sharing ideas and concerns. Adequate evidence of evaluating/identifying of key learning of self and others. Tends to use reflection as a tool simply with little understanding and knowledge. Acceptable critical thinking and